Role of technology in the modern classroom and its impact on student learning.

Students of BE.d English Geography attending ICT class.

The introduction of advanced technology is one of the greatest wonders of humankind that has revolutionized education in our society. Technology has fundamentally changed the way the students and teachers approach education. The modern classroom is no longer confined to physical walls, instead technology has opened up a world of possibilities, shaping the learning experiences of students. From personalized learning to ever-evolving digital landscape, technology’s influence is both far-reaching and transformative. With the enhancement of technology, Learning has become much more effective, fun and fruitful at the same time. The implementation of modern technology has drastically enhanced student learning as it has redefined the role of educators and provided access to educational resources. On the other hand, it has also exposed the negative impacts such as unequal access to resources.

The role of technology in the modern classroom has redefined the role of educators which enhance the learning experience of students. This means that the role of teachers has changed from teaching to that of facilitator and guide in the integration of modern technology in teaching and learning. According to Kapadia (2023), student-centered learning has taken the place of teacher-centered learning in schools, and this approach celebrates each student's individuality and promotes autonomous inquiry, active engagement, and critical thinking. Students are better equipped to comprehend the subject matter because they are now in charge of their own education. This clearly shows that the role of the educator has shifted from a source of knowledge to a facilitator of learning experiences. It enables students to take ownership of their own education. Teachers are embracing technology as an ally in this digital age. They create dynamic classes that capture students' interest and take into account their various learning styles by utilizing digital resources to improve their teaching techniques. Judith (2023). Teachers nowadays use different technology to create exciting classes which engage students and improve learning taking in consideration of different individual learning styles. Embracing technology as a valuable tool, their method of teaching has become more comfortable fostering students with a dynamic learning experience. Additionally, technology enables educators to deliver content information in the most innovative and effective ways. As a result, technology's influence in the modern classroom has changed the role of teachers, enhancing students' learning

Technology in modern classrooms is undeniable as it provides students with access to vast amounts of educational resources .It also provides access to digital libraries and online resources. In this digital era  students can explore the available  wealth of education resources like online libraries, E-books, online data, research papers, articles, digital textbooks and online interactive learning platforms' easy access to information empowers students to go deeper into subjects, broaden their knowledge, and engage in independent self learning. According to the Office of elementary and secondary education (2013), technology is used to support both teaching and learning. It provides classrooms with digital learning tools like computers and handheld gadgets, expands the range of available courses, experiences, and learning materials, supports learning, fosters the development of 21st century skills, boosts student engagement and motivation, and speeds up learning. Thus through the expansion of resources,  promotion of personalized experiences, and the development of 21st-century skills, technology in the classroom helps teaching and learning. Additionally, it increases engagement, allows for quick feedback, and makes learning possible outside of the classroom. In general, technology improves education and gets pupils ready for the digital world. For instance in Bhutan students of tertiary education use digital tools and online resources for learning which expose them to various educational information. Access to educational resources also foster collaboration among learners and resource sharing. Online learning platforms enable students not only to develop individually but also connect with peers, educators, experts around the world by sharing available resources which facilitate collaborative approach promoting critical thinking and teamwork. According to a survey conducted by EduTech Research & Innovation in 2022 revealed that 45% of online learners agreed that having access to resources on digital platforms promotes peer collaboration and makes resource sharing easier. This reciprocal exchange of resources, such as reading lists, study guides, and pertinent articles, encourages a team-based learning style. It has been claimed that exchange of resources and information among students has allowed them to explore different perspectives by gathering and analyzing data. Thus integration of technology creates an interactive and supportive learning environment for students. As a result it is evident that technology is used in modern classrooms because it provides access to a educational resources. 

The biggest challenge to equity in education and learning for students is inequality in access to resources. Compared to their peers, some students have limited access to important resources such as digital books, educational materials, and technology, which hinders their participation in learning. There is a gap in academic achievement and there are limitations in personal and professional development. Due to the lack of equal access, students may not receive guidance and support from teachers to achieve good academic results, which may result in lower academic performance. They will also face challenges such as access to quality education and lack of adequate resources. The inability to pursue higher education or career development due to financial constraints can also lead to changes in educational attainment and personal development. According to Reardon (2013), social and economic mobility are still largely influenced by education. Disparities in opportunities, wealth, and well-being are still sustained by uneven access to high-quality education. Therefore, it is important to address these issues to ensure equality and access to quality education. Inadequate infrastructure and space also hinder students' learning. Inequalities in school facilities and access to facilities such as lack of learning environment, outdated buildings, lack of heating or air conditioning, and inadequate water supply can impact students' physical and mental health and overall education. Students' learning experiences in schools are negatively affected by inadequate infrastructure and space. Inadequate classrooms, inadequate resources, and poor environment not only hinder learning but also impact student learning, leading to educational inequity. Smith (2017). Overall, unequal access to resources is a major barrier to educational equity and student opportunities.